Some of the questions which we will discuss are: What is a person? In this tutorial we'll closely examine a series of contemporary and historical cases of human experimentation (roughly, one case per week) with an eye toward elucidating the moral norms that ought to govern human subjects research. Updated July 4, 2015 1.41am first published July 3, 2015 3.55pm. Why should one obey the law (if one should)? Williams College Catalog Phone Number 413-597-4286 [email protected] We doubt, we point out that no one can be certain in what she believes, and we are suspicious of declarations of transcendent reason or truth (unless they are our own). [more], It is a generally held belief, in our time and culture, that science is the best source of our knowledge of the world, and of ourselves. This tutorial will bring to life the debate between Locke and Leibniz, and enable students to reach their own conclusions about Empiricism vs. Rationalism, Realism vs. Idealism, and related issues. Here are a few: We will focus on particular topics, examples of which are the following: normative critique, capitalism, authoritarianism, mass culture, enlightenment and reason, progress, violence, the domination of nature, white supremacy, patriarchy and colonialism. In fact, Socrates seems to have been thought of as a kind of intellectual saint in the Hellenistic world. When AI is fully realized, it is likely to be amongst the most important things to happen to our species. What do the social and psychological sciences have to teach us about happiness? We will begin with Washington's classic article "Industrial Education for the Negro" and DuBois' classic "The Talented Tenth". Hence, being with others, being dependent on others, is regarded as a key structuring feature of human existence. Our focus will be on recent influential work in this area. The answer is not merely that they ask the question, "What gives meaning to a human life?" Phil holds a Diploma in Horticulture (Massey University) and enjoys a long career in the horticultural sector. Always asking what practical difference would it make, our authors investigate the central questions and disputes of philosophy, from epistemology and metaphysics to ethics and religion. We all examine the virtues and vices of good arguments in both informal and formal systems. "Don't die," she said. In this course we will engage ethical questions surrounding the seeming inevitability of AI. We will begin with an analysis of primary texts by Fanon and end by considering how Fanon has been interpreted by his contemporaries as well as activists and critical theorists writing today. Loyalty is frequently expected by family, friends and lovers, and demanded by institutions, religious, political and ethnic communities, as well as by the state. Or are some of our beliefs true in virtue of their meanings alone? Leibniz wrote his New Essays in 1704 as a critical response to Locke's Essay of 1690. There will be a series of short response papers in which you provide a careful analysis of particular arguments in our texts. Key ideas and concepts such as the death of god, the use and abuse of history, the eternal recurrence, will to power, and master and slave morality will be addressed. What constitutes my knowledge of myself as a person, and does that knowledge differ in any significant respect from my knowledge of physical objects and of other people? However, in his philosophically more sophisticated and notoriously difficult later dialogues (such as the Parmenides, Philebus, Sophist and Statesman), Plato engages in radical criticism and revision of his earlier views. Is it moral for us to pass along these sorts of decisions to AI's? According to Hegel, subjects are both historically and socially constituted; they are formed through their relations with other subjects. As the music wails in the background, we will study the classic pragmatists: William James, C. S. Peirce, and John Dewey. Among the questions that we will address: What is justice? We make causal judgments constantly in our everyday lives and in scientific contexts. We will examine a variety of philosophical and scientific theories of emotion, as well as some issues concerning normative aspects of emotions: the role of emotions in a good life, and the concept of emotional maturity. How do logic and language relate? demanded by institutions, religious, political and ethnic communities, as well as by the state. and keto reduced-sugar products has been linked to blood clotting, stroke, heart attack and death, according to a new study. The order in which you say things matters, and it matters for what you communicate what actions you take and what events happen around you. Phil Walsh played 122 games for Collingwood, Richmond and the Brisbane Bears between 1983 and 1990. The course will, I hope, provide the students an opportunity and the tools to intellectually examine deeply emotional and contentious issues. I don't know how exactly how many grains of sand are in this heap, but let's say 100,000. We conclude by considering the relation between first and third person studies of the mind, focusing on the concept of the embodied mind as a fruitful bridge between these different traditions. Both stances face severe difficulties. the Enlightenment . We will ask, for example, what these theories tell us about the nature of space, time, probability and causality. In this course we address key themes and figures from two of the most influential movements in twentieth century European philosophy, namely, existentialism and phenomenology, a philosophical approach to which existentialism is indebted. In this course we take up questions such as the following: What sorts of subjects do we find in modern Western societies? Are there incompatible but equally true ways of describing the world? We will focus particularly on how subjects are positioned in relation to his writings on power and knowledge with particular attention to the later so-called ethical writings in the years before his untimely death in 1984. Throughout we will aim to fuse a rigorous scientific perspective with more humanistic themes and philosophical inquiry. Can science contribute to our understanding of these issues? If loyalty is a virtue, what are the proper limits of its cultivation and expression? [more], If we think of Michel Foucault as engaged in writing histories, or genealogies, of his own present designed to undercut the sense of the obviousness of certain practices and ways of thinking, categorizing, and knowing, we can easily imagine that he might now be questioning different aspects of our contemporary "present" than the ones standardly associated with his name, namely, panopticons and surveillance, discipline, criminalization, the biopolitics of health, the normal and the abnormal, etc. See the college's. [more], Modern philosophy centers on two debates: Empiricism vs. Rationalism and Realism vs. Idealism. Is that principle of organization justifiable or not? How could proponents of each be claiming to follow in the footsteps of Socrates? Which characteristics of persons give them moral status? characteristics, but rather what a human being becomes and how it defines and creates itself under conditions it does not choose. The focus will be on model-theoretic semantics, the sub-field of linguistics that studies meanings. [more], This course is a chronological survey of major works of political theory from the 16th to the 20th century. What, if anything, justifies our scientific knowledge? [more], Our goal will be to determine how far reason can justify belief in God. What is the body? [more], What ethical standards should guide our individual and societal choices when those choices affect current and future environmental conditions? The objective is the presentation and writing of a senior essay (maximum 40 pages). In the first part of the course, we will read Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, one of the greatest books ever written. We will discuss major works (philosophical, literary, visual) by such figures as Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Richard Wright, Ingmar Bergman and Jean-Luc Godard. In this way, we come to appreciate the importance of considering the biology on which mental processes are based and the light that this approach throws on the nature of consciousness. And right now there are autonomous vehicles deciding how to behave in traffic, and autonomous weapons capable of delivering lethal force. The philosophers of ancient Greece and Rome were among the first thinkers to develop rigorous arguments in response to such musings. Do our society's laws limit our freedom in order to make us safe? Authors will include Plato, Anselm, Aquinas, Pascal, Paley, Hume, Kant, Kierkegaard, and several contemporary philosophers. What are the main sources of uncertainty here? We will discuss the importance of specific genre conventions and broader contextual matters to the interpretation of literary texts (along the lines suggested by Quentin Skinner); the possibility of using intention to rule out mistaken and arrive at acceptable interpretations, if not a single correct interpretation (a possibility denied by such relativists as Stanley Fish); the use and meaning of metaphors; and the host of questions surrounding the intentional fallacy (the alleged result of invoking authorial intention to determine textual meaning). Anscombe and Foot resurrected virtue ethics for Anglo-American philosophy and made moral psychology academically respectable. We shall first explore the salient features of the pragmatic approaches to language, paying special attention to Austin's notion of illocutionary force and Grice's notion of non-natural meaning. Although it has influenced both analytic and continental philosophy, pragmatism is a powerful third philosophical movement. Epistemologists don't seem to think that Hume's account of human psychology, morality and taste can in any way illuminate his treatment of skepticism and natural belief, while moral philosophers often neglect Hume's conclusions about the limits of our knowledge in analyzing his conception of motivation, action, obligation and virtue. [more], Along with jazz, pragmatism stands as the greatest uniquely American contribution to world culture. The first portion of the course will be devoted to considering general theories of justice as well as alternative conceptions of justice specifically within the health care context. The son of Adelaide Crows coach Phil Walsh has been charged with his murder, after the 55-year-old was found dead in his home, South Australian police . Dubois, The Talented Tenth, Frederick Rudolph, Williams College 1793-1993: Three Eras, Three Cultures, Michael S. Roth, Beyond the University: Why Liberal Education Matters, Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind, Martha Nussbaum, Cultivating Humanity, William Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite and the Way to a Meaningful Life, Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt, The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure, and Anthony T. Kronman, The Assault on American Excellence. If there aren't such things, how do we characterize meaningfulness instead? [more], The philosophy of mind has been one of the most active areas of philosophical inquiry over the last century. However, few (haters gonna hate) would say that the expression has a referent. 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