He may have been "the" legend and "the" hero because here's that blue-collar worker, a center, who doesn't get any glory, doesn't catch the touchdown passes, doesn't kick the 52-yard field goal to win a game. PAM WEBSTER: I think he was embarrassed. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: You have an 18-year-old with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. This was not something that I made up. "", NARRATOR: denied players suffered any long-term problems from concussions sustained while playing football, DOCUMENT: "that there was no evidence of worsening injury or chronic cumulative effects of multiple MTBIs in". We would just we would listen, and "Thank you," and that's it. And Mike's favorite games were the ones that were cold and snowy and frigid. Don't watch the dramatized version of what happened, as this is the original documentary based off the book of the NFL's coverup of head injuries. APA Activity 2: Citing Practice Create a reference page by citing the following sources in correct APA format. And for a couple months at a time, I wouldn't hear from him at all. But what you should know now is your child could develop a brain injury as a result of playing football. ", CHRIS NOWINSKI, Co-Director, BU CTE Center: I spent time making calls. PBS will premiere a Frontline documentary%2C League of Denial%2C on Tuesday night. Dr. ANN McKEE: Those sub-concussive hits, those hits that don't even rise to the level of what we call a concussion, or symptoms, just playing the game can be dangerous. All those parameters are removed. NARRATOR: And it was Omalu who actually removed Seau's brain. NARRATOR: At Harvard, Nowinski was a punishing tackler. Mark Fainaru-Wada, WRITTEN BY And Ann said, "Well, actually, I was on the NIH committee that defined how you diagnose that disease. Dr. ANN McKEE: I don't want to get into the sexism too much, but sexism plays a big role when you're a doctor of my age who's come up in the ranks with a lot of male doctors. ANNOUNCER: An awesome physical team were the Steelers today! ART ROONEY II, Pittsburgh Steelers President and Co-Owner: He had the violence in him. MIKE WEBSTER: No, I'm talking about no, I'm just trying to find yeah, well, everybody went through trauma as a kid. NARRATOR: Also on the panel, Nowinski's other star, Lisa McHale. NARRATOR: McHale's addictions spiraled out of control pain killers, cocaine. ANNOUNCER . Here's a roll-out. It became sort of like his little private mission. And he said, "What's going on?" Use these letters in both in-text citations and the Reference list. Get ready to receive more awesome content from WFE soon! He's 21. And you know, if you're going up against top-flight players who are able to perfect those skills of hitting you upside the head, or you know, getting hit with an elbow or it's one of those things that at some point, you're going to pay for it down the line. LEIGH STEINBERG: He looked at me and he said, "Leigh, where am I?" And the next thing you know, they are reliving this conversation they'd had five minutes earlier. We don't know the cause and effect. This would be a perfect candidate for us to study and see if he had it. ALAN SCHWARTZ, The New York Times: It appears as if it ties it up quite nicely. It really was a turning point. NARRATOR: He had died of an overdose. And then he'd lift his shoulders. That's the way Mike Webster would say it, too. NEWSCASTER: talked about NFL owners as being like tobacco executives, NEWSCASTER: but I think it's seen as being plausible, NEWSCASTER: the NFL, similar to what the tobacco industry engaged in. If we speak up now, we may be able to, if not save lives, at least prevent the damage that we are seeing on Ann McKee's table.". STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: They call him, like, the designated brain chaser, like that's his job, to go out and get the brains. Reality therapy 9. You can't go against the NFL. NARRATOR: The players believed they had significant leverage, a threat to the NFL. NARRATOR: Dr. Cantu says he took his concerns to the journal's editor-in-chief, Dr. Michael Apuzzo. Michael Kirk & Mike Wiser He's not a neuro anything. The Hall of Fame center Mike Webster died at the age of 50. BOB FITZSIMMONS: So I took the binder of records and got four doctors together, four separate doctors, all asking them, "Does he have a permanent disability that's cognitive? See production, box office & company info, Self - University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Self - Neuropsychologist, Boston University, This documentary is better than what "Concussion" and Will Smith could ever think to create. And I remember, he was a little I don't what's the adjective? NARRATOR: Casson insisted there was no evidence that football players were at risk for CTE. In-text: (The FRONTLINE Interview: Dr. Bennet Omalu - League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis - FRONTLINE, 2015) Your Bibliography: FRONTLINE. KEVIN GUSKIEWICZ, Ph.D., NFL Head, Neck and Spine Cmte. The program averages approximately 1.5 . STEVE YOUNG, San Francisco 49ers, 1984-99: You know, I really worry about my lineman brothers. Formatted according to the APA Publication Manual 7 th edition. And he said, "Well, who did we play?" COLIN WEBSTER, Son: He would forget, you know, which way the grocery store was, which way it was to go home. PAM WEBSTER: Mike would call this his greatest battle. It was pretty obvious, actually, the first interview that he had some type of cognitive impairment. No. For FRONTLINE, ESPN and in their own book, they've been investigating how the NFL has handled evidence that football may be destroying the brains of NFL players. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Physician, Steelers, 1988-97: Well, Mike Webster exemplified what it was like to be a player in the Steel City and a player in that era that for me was the greatest team of all time. He said, "If 10 percent of mothers in this country would begin to perceive football as a dangerous sport, that is the end of football.". JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Neurosurgeon, Steelers, 1988-97: For the most part, people didn't want to believe it's true. Then Perfetto took matters into her own hands. No. Dr. JULIAN BAILES: I was not the bearer of good news, probably, in many people's minds. NARRATOR: They even questioned whether Mike Webster was suffering from neurological problems. Additional funding is provided by the Abrams Foundation; the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Park Foundation; the Heising-Simons Foundation; and the FRONTLINE Journalism Fund with major support from Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation, and additional support from Koo and Patricia Yuen. NARRATOR: Seau was one of the most popular players and out of the league for only two years. MARK FAINARU-WADA: They get a letter from the league. PAM WEBSTER, Wife: Mike wasn't Mike. ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, BU CTE Center: I remember my feeling. STEVE FAINARU: It was quite obvious what they were doing. Dr. ANN McKEE: I was fully prepared to see nothing. CHRIS NOWINSKI: And I said, "There's something really wrong with me." And then, all of a sudden, I wouldn't hear from him. I'm, like, "Who's Terry Long?" NARRATOR: For Dr. McKee and others, it raised the obvious question. The league actually never got around to looking at it in any kind of valid way. ", NEWSCASTER: A true champion who wound up homeless, depressed. compliance manager Jay Fialkov . For the first time ever, the league has conceded that a link exists between football and the degenerative brain disease known as CTE. And Omalu's response was, "Who's Mike Webster? It was it was like, you know, a picture of him that was just shattered into a million pieces. He was he actually he broke down in tears in front of me a couple of times because he couldn't get his thoughts together and he couldn't keep them in order. "Yes, you won." NARRATOR: Now Goodell was fully in charge of the league's handling of the concussion crisis. And with that head, he'd pop you. . And that is not scientifically valid data. The NFL wants to keep pushing these questions into the future, keep the discoveries going, make it seem like these questions that still need to be resolved are things that the league is working with doctors and researchers on. NARRATOR: It was now in writing. But 27 years and four children later, Mike and Pam Webster's marriage ended. There's "The science is still emerging and we're really going to try and do long-term studies on this. NARRATOR: A number of prominent scientists believe she has overstated the dangers of playing football. ANN McKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: We take it out, we weigh it, we photograph it, all the external surfaces. MARK FAINARU-WADA: Though the league previously, through Greg Aiello, acknowledged a link, there's no more acknowledging a link exists. STAN SAVRAN: Football, from the opening kickoff, it's full go. The NFL has a serious issue around the question of concussions, around the issue of brain trauma, on the rising suggestion that there is a link between football and neuro-degenerative disease amongst its former players, and that there is a growing body of science that clearly establishes this link. It's still being debated. NEWSCASTER: Terry Long committed suicide by drinking anti-freeze. Listen to this crowd! December 22, Are you interested?" What? And it just floored me. APA style requires two elements for citing outside sources: Reference Citations in Text and a Reference List. And I'm not talking about the knees and you know, all of that stuff is a given. PETER KEATING: They went after him with missiles I mean, like a nuclear missile strike on a guy's reputation. Last Tuesday PBS Frontline premiered League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis, a damning investigation of the National Football League's efforts to suppress and discredit mounting evidence that the head trauma professional football players routinely endure poses grave health risks. NARRATOR: Back in the lab, McKee had seen another surprising case. STAN SAVRAN, Pittsburgh Sports Reporter: It fit the personality of a society that became more violent, that became faster, wanted instant gratification. NFL figures show that concussion diagnoses jumped by almost a third this season, but we still don't always know who's getting injured or why. Tagliabue had begun his career as a lawyer. And he could get up there with his short sleeves. MARK FAINARU-WADA, FRONTLINE/ESPN: Webster ends up in the autopsy room. 911 OPERATOR: What is your boyfriend's name? ROGER GOODELL: We're going to let the medical individuals make those points. I'm a man of science. So I think the incidence and prevalence has to be a lot higher than people realize. NARRATOR: McKee's warnings about the danger of the game have made her the subject of sharp criticism. October 8, There's something something doesn't match." Those things seem to happen around 1,000 to 1,500 times a year. HENRY FEUER, M.D., MTBI Committee, 1994-2010: I just have a problem. NARRATOR: Then, with football season about to begin, a surprise settlement. If it was ignorance, they should have known. In the meantime, we have to do everything we can to advance the game and make sure it's safe. FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of WGBH Educational Foundation. Create an Annotated Bibliography from the 10 references used in your Reference List assignment. JIM OTTO, Oakland Raiders, 1960-74: I mean, it's affected my life. ANNOUNCER: Here's the run-up, and Super Bowl 43 is under way with the flashbulbs a-poppin'! In a special two-hour investigation, FRONTLINE reveals the hidden story of the NFL and brain injuries. If they went back into the same contest with a concussion, it didn't matter. Michael Kirk His dream was to play for the Steelers. A certain percentage of the individuals diagnosed with this have had steroid abuse, alcohol abuse, other substances abuses. STEVE FAINARU: There's almost a Darwinian quality about the NFL. FOOTBALL ANNOUNCERS: Erenberg touchdown! Apa documentatio (10) Name: Nahid Bakhtary Class: UNV-504 Date: July, 8 2015 Instructor: Alan Guthrie APA Activity 1 1. Dr. ANN McKEE: We have examined thousands of brains, and this is not a normal part of aging. longan tree california You know, the NFL has had this strategy of going nuclear every time it goes to court because the first time you ever lose, you open up the floodgates to potential billions of dollars of damage. NARRATOR: McKee and colleagues from Boston University were determined to examine as many brains as they could, and this man knew how to get them. They were in the middle of a major damage control operation. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. It's a part of growing up. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: It's an extraordinary move under any circumstances. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: A lawyer is not there to offer medical advice. STEVE FAINARU: Webster's forehead was essentially fixed to its scalp. She's done a great job. And while he's up there, Casson is off to the side and he's rolling his eyes. You know, "I'm experiencing some problems. And getting in that room with a bunch of males who already thought they knew all the answers more sexism. ANNOUNCER: A decades-long battle between scientists, players and the nation's most powerful sports league. NARRATOR: At 43, his business empire had imploded. We don't know the incidence. Jeff Seamon on it. SUNNY JANI, Friend: He had a lot of pain, and he hasn't slept for days. Create a reference page by citing the following sources in correct APA format. JEANNE MARIE LASKAS: He is shunned. Sacramento, Calif. - Bennet Omalu, a UC Davis clinical professor of pathology who discovered the devastating neurological disease known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in the brain of the Pittsburgh Steelers legend Mike Webster, appeared in a PBS Frontline documentary titled " League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis. Season 2013: Episode 2. PBS Frontline special League of Denial The document found at this address: (2013).pdf The episode of Friends titled: The One After Joey and Rachel Kiss The 6 th edition of the APA Manual Russell, D.O (Director) Gordon, J. So not only was it an issue for my clients, it was a huge societal issue. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He ends up at one point representing 21 quarterbacks in the 21 starting quarterbacks in the NFL one year. NEWSCASTER: ABC News and ESPN have learned exclusively Seau's brain, NEWSCASTER: visible signs of CTE, chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Dr. BENNET OMALU: Because after I looked at it over and over and over and over, I was convinced this was something. contracts manager Talya Feldman . And he said, "Did we win?" Dr. ANN McKEE: This is something you would never. A high school senior, a straight-A student, he'd played multiple sports. NARRATOR: It was the brain of 18-year-old Eric Pelly. Home Video DVDs ofLeague of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisisare available from ShopPBS. But it did establish, you know, this kind of impressive-looking set of findings which pushed off the day of reckoning for the league. CHRIS NOWINSKI, Co-Director, BU CTE Center: I remember at one point, one of the NFL doctors asking, you know, "Couldn't you be misdiagnosing this? Stand by all cameras. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: The league officials, the doctors and scientists serving on the MTBI committee, not only disputed those findings, they went after Dr. Omalu with a vengeance. Watch with PBS Documentaries Start your 7-day free trial . ESPN, where we work, their new contract with the NFL is worth almost $2 billion year. The commissioner helped to promote a youth football safety initiative, the Heads Up program. Dr. ANN McKEE: I think, to be truthful, even a selection bias in an autopsy sample, even if the family of an individual who's affected is much more likely to donate their brain than a person who had no symptoms whatsoever given that, we have still been just ridiculously successful in getting examples of this disease. And there was clearly among the NFL committee, there was just a very steadfast belief that this is not a problem. GEORGE ATKINSON, Oakland Raiders, 1968-77: You have to survive, so you learn the methods to survive and be the best at surviving in that environment. NEWSCASTER: It is hard to find a former pro football player whose body hasn't paid a very high price. MARK LOVELL, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist: There's been a sense of fear that's been put into parents that "Maybe I shouldn't let my kids play sports." So he pulls out this stun gun and goes "Bzz, bzz." STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: He began to assemble a case with Webster to basically say that Webster had suffered brain damage as a result of his 17-year career in the NFL. NARRATOR: That May, McKee and Nowinski arrived at NFL headquarters. This is still not something that we're buying into.". And what does justice look like for the families of the victims? Game time! How do you eliminate them with and have the game still be football? NFL sensation Chris Borland was known as a fearless player, but after just one season he retired because he was afraid of head injuries. ROBERT STERN: Tom McHale was a brilliant guy, went to Cornell, had been playing football since a kid. NARRATOR: Then one day, she received a phone call from the Boston University medical school. But rather than just publish in scientific journals, Chris Nowinski was determined to get the word out. But upon opening his skull, Mike's brain looked normal. NARRATOR: The committee members believed Dr. McKee could not answer two important questions. Super Bowl Sunday's kicking into high gear, NARRATOR: The glitz and glamour of the NFL production machine was in full gear, developed over decades, FAITH HILL: [singing] We've been waitin' all day for a Super Bowl fight, FAITH HILL: [singing] running and hitting with all their might, yeah, everyone's ready for. he even bragged about it once on an NFL film. A text book: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. Michael Kirk. He soon replaced the rheumatologist Dr. Elliot Pellman and promoted the neurologist Dr. Ira Casson. And I knew that I felt awful. We'd like you to participate. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: The closer you look, the less this holds up. That's a good sign. That just shouldn't happen. What is APA Reference Style. So I think we should be treating youths differently. You know, he had veins all over his legs, varicose veins and stuff like that. MARK FAINARU-WADA: They were saying, "Football caused this. MARK FAINARU-WADA: She's learned a little bit about the work that had previously been done in this issue by Omalu and others, and she's eager to find some brains. STEVE FAINARU: There were cracks running the length of his feet, and they were incredibly painful. I mean, he had florid disease. MARK FAINARU-WADA: You've got the most popular sport in America basically on notice. But then, uncharacteristically, trouble. Chris Borland, a rookie linebacker for the San Francisco 49ers, said that while he's in good health now, he's concerned about his future. An accompanying bookwritten by ESPN investigative reporters (and brothers) Mark Fainaru-Wada and . STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: The level of denial was just profound. But I'm not out there crying about it. That's all I can say about that. That brain is normal. // ben cafferty quotes, maine maritime academy boats for sale, fayetteville, nc deaths this week, sales insights integration user salesforce, do not go gentle into that good night mla citation, brian epstein . Mike Wiser, REPORTED BY MARK FAINARU-WADA: We went to New York to meet with them and say, "Look, this is what we're doing. The league makes it very clear they're not admitting any guilt, that there's no acknowledgement of any causation between football and the possibility of long-term brain damage. NARRATOR: She'd spent years trying to get help from the NFL and its players association. Dr. ANN McKEE: 8, 10, 12? Causation did football cause CTE? pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation close. CHRIS NOWINSKI: There were thousands of reporters across the street and probably two dozen who were willing to walk across and learn about CTE. NARRATOR: It was young's seventh concussion. How to cite "League of denial" by Fainaru-Wada and Fainaru APA citation. ROBERT CANTU, M.D., Neurosurgeon, Boston University: If you're going to put together a blue ribbon committee to study brain trauma, it should have as its chair somebody who has that as a background, either a neurologist, neurosurgeon, neuropathologist, preferably a clinician. ROGER GOODELL: [CBS "This Morning," September 4, 2013] There was no admission of guilt. 45 had CTE. NARRATOR: For Nowinski, the issue of CTE is personal. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The league is this massive force financially. The head of the Disability Committee is the commissioner himself, so it's very much a creature of the NFL. CTE has dragged me into the politics of science, the politics of the NFL. I don't follow football, so I said, "Who is Junior Seau?" And it became part of the popular jargon, you know, "He knocked him silly. But we didn't really relate that in a modern sport like football, in a helmeted sport, that it could lead to that. NARRATOR: He had used his body and his head for 20 years in the NFL. NARRATOR: Besides Mike Webster and Terry Long, Omalu also found CTE in the brains of Andre Waters and Justin Strzelczyk. The meek will never inherit this turf because every play is hand-to-hand and body-to-body combat! BENNET OMALU, M.D., Medical Examiner: You can't go against the NFL. ROBERT STERN: That was the shocking part. NARRATOR: Then just one month later, in Chicago, a dramatic gesture from Commissioner Goodell. If they got knocked out and went back into the same contest, it didn't matter. ANNOUNCER: Here comes Seau! STAN SAVRAN: People liked the violence of it. ANNOUNCER: Let's give him a big round of applause! Mark broke the Barry Bonds steroids story. Dr. ANN McKEE: In, like, 20 spots in his frontal lobe. And you know, her husband, suffering, you know, from dementia, obviously can't be represented there by anybody but her. NEWSCASTER: Congress considers concussions in the NFL, NEWSCASTER: Congress is getting into the game. PBS (Producer). Stallworth touchdown! Rep. JOHN CONYERS, Jr., (D-MI), Judiciary Committee Chairman: The meeting will come to order. Boston :WGBH Educational Foundation : Distributed by PBS Video, 2001. NEWSCASTER: He was arrested for forging 19 prescriptions for Ritalin, which he used to combat the erratic behavior caused by. NARRATOR: Omalu submitted another paper to Neurosurgery, this one about Terry Long. You know, she describes it as like the greatest collision on earth for her. Now he had heard firsthand how serious some respected scientists thought the issue was. and That means denial. NARRATOR: Then in New York, a change in the NFL's top leadership. But now the NFL's concussion crisis was again national news. of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr. NARRATOR: What Omalu could not see was that hidden inside Webster's brain was evidence of a chronic disease. Nearly half the members were team doctors. NEWSCASTER: At what price glory? STEVE FAINARU: And that decision would change the NFL because if Webster's brain had not been examined, I don't honestly think that we would be where we're at today. The threat was that the league was going to have to pay out in the billions with a B, not millions with an M. NARRATOR: About one third of NFL veterans, including some of the biggest former stars, claimed the NFL had fraudulently concealed the danger to their brains. PAM WEBSTER: We didn't understand what was happening. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He basically got his job by writing to the commissioner and saying, "Please, I'd like to work in the NFL.". And when I hit him in the face, his head is going back. LEAGUE OF DENIAL: The NFL's Concussion Crisis. You only get one brain. So that's the that's just when I look back over 30 years of associated with football, that's the thing that's most alarming to me. 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