help him spread the Gospel?Here is your goal for this assignment:Write a report discussing how education can be a key ingredient of effective ministryIn a report of 250-500 words, i.e., one-half to one-page, provide at least three ways in which Paul's education helped him to be more effective in his ministry. No detail was too small to bring these American prisoners home. For his actions, Spruance received the Distinguished Service Medal and, later that month, Nimitz named him as his Chief of Staff and Aide. At Midway, dive bombers from the Enterprise crippled sank four larger carriers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The Japanese navy could never accept this catastrophic loss. With the island's fall, Spruance immediately moved forward with Operation Iceberg. Nagumo ordered his planes rearmed on their return. Serving in Manila, Spruance remained abroad until resigning his post in 1955. These attacks were followed by a raid against Marcus Island. The Japanese were trying to tow Soryu to safety when she was torpedoed and sunk by the U.S. submarine Nautilus. The two admirals presented a contrast in styles as Spruance tended to be quiet and meticulous while Halsey was brash and more impetuous. United States Rear Admiral in command of Task Force 17 on the USS Yorktown. [28], His achievements in the navy were well known, but himself much less. His achievements were well-known, but the man himself was a mystery. Raymond Ames Spruance (July 3, 1886 - December 13, 1969) was a United States Navy admiral in World War II. Hickman, Kennedy. [6], Following his return to the United States, Spruance served aboard transport ship USS Agamemnon, before he was ordered to Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine, for duty in connection with fitting out of destroyer USS Aaron Ward in March 1919. >On March 29, 1944, Admiral Spruance took tactical command of a three-pronged assault against the Palau Islands, 550 miles east of the Philippines, and against Yap Island and Ulithi Atoll in the western Carolines. During WWII Italian Commandos Were Tasked to Ride Torpedoes. Arriving back in the United States, he underwent additional training in electrical engineering at General Electric before being posted to USS Connecticut (BB-18) in May 1910. He lived quietly at Pebble Beach until December 13, 1969, when he died of arteriosclerosis at the age of 83. The Saipan campaign began with air attacks on June 10, 1944. He was in this post on June 4, 1942, when the Japanese navy attacked Midway Island in force. In 1916 he aided in the fitting out of the battleship Pennsylvania and he served on board her from her commissioning in June 1916 until November 1917. At the Battle of the Coral Sea, the Japanese won a tactical victory, but suffered an operational-level defeat: it did not invade Port . I finally wangled two months at sea, in 1918, before the war was over. Promoted to captain the following year, he departed to take the position of Chief of Staff and Aide to Commander Destroyers, Scouting Fleet in May 1933. Akagi class Japanese aircraft carrier that was part of the first detachment of the Japanese carrier strike force. President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Spruance for promotion to full admiral on February 10, 1944, and he was approved. serious damage on the islands installations. After three days of pre-invasion bombardment, Marines landed on Roi Islet and captured it the same day. His air group is credited with the sinking of 4 Japanese aircraft carriers during Midway. Capturing and occupying Midway was the brainchild-plan of commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. Samuel Eliot Morison agreed: Power of decision and coolness in action were perhaps Spruances leading characteristics. A. Desegregation of Society With their 233 planes and crews at the ready, the three U.S. flattops were stationed well north of Midway, out of sight of enemy reconnaissance planes. After Rome fell, the bishop of Constantinople became the most pow Grumman F4F-4 Wildcat fighters, Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless dive bombers and Douglas TBD-1 Devastator torpedo bombers thundered off the flight decks and rose to search for the enemy carriers. History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. But the American commander, who could be daring and resourceful when necessary, could also exhibit shrewd caution when his experienced mind sensed an ambush. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. "World War II: Admiral Raymond Spruance." Having attained the rank of commander, Spruance attended the Senior Course at the Naval War College in July 1926. He decided to launch the planes from Enterprise and Hornet when they were about 175 miles from the enemys calculated position instead of postponing takeoff for another two hours in order to diminish the distance. On December 30, 1914, Spruance married Margaret Vance Dean, the daughter of an Indianapolis businessman. During World War II, he was commander in the . The correct answer to this open question is the following. It was interesting work, but I wouldnt want to do it for a living. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Armed with this information, Fletcher ordered Spruance to launch a strike at the Japanese with Enterprise and Hornet while holding Yorktown in reserve in case the other Japanese carriers were discovered. The Japanese intercepted this and soon started sending messages that "AF was short on water. Two years later, Spruance again received orders for the Naval War College and taught on the staff until April 1938. Spruance launched an assault on February 16-17 against Truk, the Japanese Pearl Harbor, at the same time that Admiral Turners forces were attacking Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshalls, about 700 miles to the west. U.S. losses were low: 25 airplanes and 18 lives. It was June 4, Admiral Raymond A. Spruance and Admira Fletcher had to engage four Japanese ships in the Battle of Midway. "Admiral Raymond Spruance". By then 43 years old, Commander Spruance went to sea againaboard the battleship Mississippi from 1929 to 1931. I am lazy, and I never have done things myself that I could get someone to do for me. In 1939 he was promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral. The following year, they made me executive officer of the transport Agamemnon, bringing troops home from France. Shortly before leaving the Naval War College and retiring from the Navy on July 1, 1948, Admiral Spruance received a letter of commendation from the secretary of the Navy that read: Your brilliant record of achievement in World War II played a decisive part in our victory in the Pacific. Although he broke the back of the Japanese naval air force by sinking three carriers, two oilers and destroying about 600 enemy airplanes (so many that the remaining Japanese carriers were used solely as decoys in the Battle of Leyte Gulf a few months later due to the lack of aircraft and aircrews to fly them) Spruance has been criticized for not being aggressive enough in exploiting his success in the Philippine Sea. Flagship of Task Force 16 under the command of Raymond Spruance. . Just before the planned invasion of Midway island in June 1942, Halsey suddenly became ill with shingles. Japanese Admiral and a pioneer in aircraft carrier warfare. He was fond of symphonic music, and his tastes were generally simple. If this happened, it would enable the Japanese to pinch the Americans between their two carrier forces. He presided over US Forces in the Pacific during two decisive Allied victories: the Battle of Midway in 1942 and the 1944 Battle of the Philippines Sea. The three-day operation was the most extensive ever undertaken by carriers. . 7 reviews. This occurred at the same time that Admiral Turner's forces were attacking Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshalls, about 700 miles to the east. Admiral Halsey was given command of the Third Fleet, and later that year Task Force 58 was transferred to Halseys fleet. Pratt, F. "Spruance: Picture of the Admiral," Harpers Magazine 193, no. The sole survivor of the squadrons 30 officers and men was Ensign George H. Gay, Jr., who spent several hours floating in the water, watching the battle. Akagi class Japanese aircraft carrier that served as the flagship of Admiral Nagumo. When Yorktown was struck at Midway, however, Fletcher transferred his flag to the cruiser Astoria and placed Spruance tactically in charge. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, How does Admiral Spruance explain the U.S. victory, The Brown case began what trend in American Graduating from Annapolis three years later, he served two years at sea before receiving his commission as an ensign on September 13, 1908. Advertisement Still have questions? Spruance himself directed a task group of battleships, cruisers and destroyers that left the main body to go after Japanese ships that were fleeing Truk, sinking the light cruiser Katori and destroyer Maikaze. World War II: Fleet Admiral William Halsey Jr. World War II Pacific: The Japanese Advance Stopped, M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University. How can these and the knowledge they provide be used to spread His Word? This was said to be the first time that a four-star admiral took part in a sea action aboard one of the ships engaged. Kennedy Hickman is a historian, museum director, and curator who specializes in military and naval history. Spruance was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal for his service at Midway. 2015. But we went in and took their possessions in a few days, without the loss of a single ship. Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy, April 1955 . Three bombs hammered her. When not in command of the fleet the admirals, and their staffs, were based at Pearl Harbor and planned future operations. This article was written by Michael D. Hull and originally appeared in the May 1998 issue of World War II magazine. The Battle of Midway infused the U.S. Pacific Navy with confidence. Recently promoted to rear admiral, Spruance was assigned to command a division of cruisers in the Pacific under Admiral Nimitz in 1941. He never smoked and drank little. Akagi and Kaga subsequently went down. Admiral Raymond Ames Spruance was a key American naval commander who served in the Pacific Theater of World War II.A graduate of the US Naval Academy, Spruance commanded cruisers during the early months of the conflict and first came to prominence for helping lead American forces to victory at the pivotal Battle of Midway in June 1942. He was then 55. But what was important about this actionthe first naval battle in history fought by fleets that never came within sight of each otherwas that the U.S. Navy had thwarted the enemys planned capture of Port Moresby in strategic New Guinea. In the fighting, the Japanese lost three carriers and around 600 aircraft. There are submarines, there are mini-submarines, and then there are human torpedoes. Admiral Spruance commanded with deadly precision, reported an observer.[20]. As part of this reorganization, the force became known as the Fifth Fleet when Spruance was in charge and the Third Fleet when Halsey was in command. Although there are no options attached we can say the following. The Gilberts attack was planned and directed by Spruance, with the assistance of Rear Adms. He shifted his flag to the old battleship USSNew Mexico of the shore bombardment force after Indianapolis was struck by a Kamikaze off Okinawa. Captain George C. Dyer of the light cruiser Astoria, who served under both Spruance and Halsey, summed up the view of many ship captains: My feeling was one of confidence when Spruance was there. It faced a Japanese invasion fleet organized into two groups: the air-attack task force of four carriers with support ships under command of Admiral Chichi Nagumo, and the surface and occupation forces under Admiral Nobutake Kond and others. Admiral Spruance died on 13 December 1969, at his home in Pebble Beach , California. United States Admiral in command of naval units on the Pacific Theatre in 1942. Admiral Spruance commanded with deadly precision, reported an observer. I can thank heredity for a sound constitution, and myself for taking care of that constitution." Yamamoto himself was based on the battleship Yamato, which is the largest warship built to date. He began attendance at the Naval War College in 1926, and graduated in 1927. Admiral Spruance explained the U.S. victory at Midway in the following way. Privacy Policy, Admiral Raymond Spruance served in US Navy during. The combined American force consisted of three carriers, eight cruisers, 15 destroyers, 12 submarines and 353 aircraft, ranged against a grand total of 200 Japanese vessels and 700 planes. Hickman, Kennedy. Because of gaps in the search patterns flown by the Japanese, the American carriers were able to approach unseen. By shortly after 9 a.m., planes from Yorktown were also on their way. He suggested Spruance replace him as commander of the Fleet carrier force, despite the fact that Spruce had little experience with carriers. Japanese fleet in charge of landing army units on Midway. The small Marine Corps garrison scrambled its handful of Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat and Brewster F2A-3 Buffalo fighters, but they were too weak and slow to deter the Japanese. While both Fletcher and Spruance were rear admirals, Fletcher was senior and nominally in overall command. When I look at myself objectively, he wrote in retirement, I think that what success I may have achieved through life is largely due to the fact that I am a good judge of men. Commanding the battleship for nearly two years, Spruance was aboard when World War II began in Europe. Japanese aircraft carrier attached to the Main Body of the fleet and saw close to no action. For more great articles subscribe to World War II magazine today! History is who we are and why we are the way we are.. Although some historians and many newsmen have written many words about Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy and his brilliant career in the Pacific in World War II, the complete story of this reserved and self-effacing man is now being told for the first time by one of his close friends and wartime associates. 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