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The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from 1 to 3 inches (25 to 76mm) in thickness. "Can I go into a court of law and say, '100%, that's Athenia?' None of the men were ever found alive, and the expedition is considered one of the worst disasters in the history of polar exploration. Barham. 2023 BBC. Within four minutes, the battleship had listed over to Port and the ships magazines had exploded, sinking the battleship and killing 863 men. At 18:17 he realised that Marlborough was actually at the rear of the formation and he ordered a turn to the north to bring his squadron into line behind the Grand Fleet. [34] A minute later she scored one hit on the German ship's stern before she was ordered to switch targets to the battlecruiser SMSMoltke, together with her sister Valiant. Richard Laland is one of only two survivors from the doomed battleship HMS Barham still alive today. Last modified on Wed 15 Jun 2022 10.44 EDT. On 25 November 1941 one of the heaviest losses of life, and the only loss of a Royal Navy battleship to a submarine at sea, occurred off Bardia, when HMS Barham was torpedoed at extremely short range by U-331, and sank within four minutes. She had a normal displacement of 32,590 long tons (33,110t) and displaced 33,260 long tons (33,794t) at deep load. Naval Historical Review, Biographies and personal histories, WWII operations Ship sinking, Survivor, HMS Barham, Australian Naval History Podcasts Recently, there was a major problem with the sunken fleet tanker USS Mississinewa - huge amounts of oil were leaking from the wreck and required a major cleanup. She was the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and of the Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1941. She started off World War II by being torpedoed off Liverpool, and after being patched up was in trouble again during a bombardment of Oran, when she was hit by Free French shore batteries. These recordings can be accessed through Apple iTunes or for Android users, Stitcher. Spiritualism: A Critical Survey. "I'm one of only two survivors from the ship left," he said. By this time the 5th Battle Squadron was about seven point five nautical miles (13.9km; 8.6mi) northwest of Beatty. This meant that they were some 4,000 yards (3,700m) closer to the rapidly advancing High Sea Fleet. (Cdr. HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth-class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. However, I can vividly recall the sinking as though it were yesterday. Throughout the next day, Jellicoe and Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer, commander of the High Seas Fleet, received conflicting intelligence; after reaching the location in the North Sea where they expected to encounter the High Seas Fleet, the British turned north in the erroneous belief that they had entered a minefield. On 24 May, the fleet conducted another demonstration off Horns Reef to keep German attention focused on the North Sea. The following year the UP mount was replaced by a pair of quadruple Vickers 0.5-inch machine gun mounts and another pair of eight-barreled "pom-pom" mounts were added abreast her conning tower. [80], Barham, two cruisers, and three destroyers also assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet were designated Force F as part of Operation Coat, one of a complex series of fleet movements in the Mediterranean. The list of men lost is at this link. Rawlings took over temporarily from P-W who became Vice Admiral Light Forces. The hits on Seydlitz mostly opened up more holes that facilitated the flooding. The sea, which had fortunately been smooth as BARHAM sank was, as far as I could see, a vast area of oil fuel and debris, with at that time no signs of life. The marine scientist first got involved in the search for the wreck in a commission from the BBC. . The loss of HMS Barham contributed to the very high number of losses at sea suffered by the Royal Navy in the period of Operation CRUSADER, about which I have written at this link. HMS Barham Explodes - Slow MotionOn the afternoon of 25 November 1941, the 1st Battle Squadron, Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant, with an escort of eight. The 92-year-old, from Leicester, miraculously escaped death when the ship was sunk by a. You can see all the lifeboats. HMS Barham was a 35,000-ton battleship built for World War I but had had an extensive refit in the 1930s. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain declared war on 3 September, 1939. [63], Barham, the battlecruiser Repulse and the destroyers Fame, Icarus, Imogen, Isis and Nubian were on patrol off the Butt of Lewis to protect against a possible break-out into the Atlantic by German warships when they were spotted by the German submarineU-30, commanded by Fritz-Julius Lemp, on 28 December. Full title reads: "HMS BARHAM 1914 - 1941". [Note 5], Evan-Thomas continued his turn until his ships were steering due north, which interposed the 5th Battle Squadron between Hipper's battlecruisers,[38] which had reversed course around 16:48 to follow Beatty north,[39] and Beatty's ships. BARHAM's explosion after being torpedoed. last updated: andrew gillespie "I shot to the surface," he said. [62] On 12 December, she accidentally rammed one of her escorts, the destroyer Duchess, in thick fog nine miles (14km) west of the Mull of Kintyre. To control these guns a temporary High-Angle Control Position was mounted above the torpedo-control tower aft. HMS Barham was a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship of the Royal Navy.On 25 November 1941, while steaming to cover an attack on Italian convoys, Barham was hit by three torpedoes from the German submarine U-331, commanded by Lieutenant Hans-Dietrich von Tiesenhausen.As she rolled over to port, her magazines exploded and the ship quickly sank with the loss of over two thirds of her crew. Beatty then altered course to the east, as he was still too far north to cut Hipper off. Underwater protection was improved by the addition of torpedo bulges. More Disasters Caught on Camera: https://goo.gl/hYJzzNBRITISH PATH'S STORY Before television, people came to movie theatres to watch the news. To the untrained eye, sonar imagery can be difficult to interpret, but Mr Mearns says the dimensions of the target match exactly what would be expected of a 160m-long, 13,500-tonne passenger liner. 828 Squadron FAA, With the 5th South African Brigade at Sidi Rezegh, XXXI Guastatori (Assault Engineers) Battalion during CRUSADER, 'Shell Shock' 'Bomb Happy' and the Tobruk Garrison, Successful supply runs for the Axis - November 1941, New Article - Italy's Light Cruiser Force, German Tank Deliveries to North Africa - 02/1941 to 03/1942, Axis merchants lost on the North Africa Route - 1941-1943. Hindered by poor visibility, no significant damage was inflicted and Richelieu was not hit before the bombardment was called off after 20 minutes. [28][Note 3], When dawn broke Beatty ordered his forces into cruising formation with the 5th Battle Squadron trailing his battle cruisers by five nautical miles (9.3km; 5.8mi). "The Germans were at the gates of Alexandria at that time and we were accompanying destroyers trying to stop their supplies," said Richard, who lives off Groby Road. On December 12 1939, she collided with a destroyer, the HMS Duchess, sinking her in the mishap. They even attempted to blame the sinking on Winston Churchill, who on that very day - 3 September, 1939 - was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. The Queen Elizabeth class warship was the only British battleship to be sunk at sea by a U-boat during the conflict. 1. LOVE YOU ALL: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. On 26 March, the Italian fleet sortied in an attempt to intercept British convoys to Greece. Forthcoming Infantrymen of the Air (Italian airborne), George Burling Jarett and the 75mm ammunition challenge. HMS Barham floating on side at sea. The ships were fitted with four submerged 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, two on each broadside. 1,306 individuals were successfully pulled off the Athenia in deteriorating seas. "We climbed over the guard rail and started running down the side of the ship. Read about our approach to external linking. [86], In mid-April she escorted the fast transport MVBreconshire, together with Warspite and Valiant, from Alexandria to Malta before the battleships bombarded Tripoli on the evening of 20 April. Before leaving the Bridge to make my attempt to escape, the conning tower of a submarine surfaced about one hundred and fifty yards from the port side, and remained exposed for perhaps half a minute before the U boat dived again. During the third week in November, 1941, there was evidence that two convoys were being despatched from Italy to Benghazi to reinforce the Africa Korps. They hit Ltzow, Derfflinger and Seydlitz three times each between 17:19 and about 18:05. In preparation for Operation Menace, a British naval attack on Dakar, Senegal, prior to a planned landing by the Free French, the ship was detached from the Home Fleet on 28 August and was assigned to Force M, the Royal Navy component of the operation. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. Richard will be reading the Royal British Legion epitaph, "They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old", at Buckminster Road Baptist Church on Sunday, during the act of remembrance. [54] Captain James Somerville relieved Monroe on 1 December and he was relieved in his turn on 16 March 1929 by Captain John C. Thanks to the advancements in artificial intellige. "There was my friend Ted Clow, from Oadby, but he died last December, aged 93.". 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Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December 1939, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1941. A fortnight later, she was attacked by the U-30 which put her out of commission for six months with a single torpedo hit. The German objective was to bombard Sunderland on 19 August, based on extensive reconnaissance conducted by Zeppelins and submarines. [7], Barham received a series of minor refits during the 1920s. [102], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}3234N 2624E / 32.567N 26.400E / 32.567; 26.400. During this time BARHAM was bombed and severely damaged by the Luftwaffe and had to go to Capetown for extensive repairs. Pridham-Wippell), and Squadron Signal Officer of the 1st Battle Squadron. A few months later, now under the command of Captain Richard Hill,[53] the ship again retained her position as the 1st Battle Squadron was split in two and the Queen Elizabeths of the new 1st Battle Squadron were transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet on 1 November 1924. 219220; Raven & Roberts, p. 359; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp. For the rest of the war, except for the inconclusive action of 19 August 1916, her service generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. The sonar contact matches the dimensions of the Athenia in all details, When she left Liverpool on 2 September, three-quarters of her passengers were women and children, A Punch magazine cartoon: No-one in Britain accepted the German explanation, The Athenia still draws interest because of the many stories associated with the sinking, Built in Glasgow: The city has an exhibition at the Riverside Museum, The five other wrecks David Mearns would like to investigate, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. The translated detailed report of the attack by U-331 can be found at this link. In addition, a pair of quadruple mounts for Vickers 0.5in (12.7mm) AA machine guns were added abreast the conning tower. [54] Reinforced by the battleship Resolution and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal from Force H, Barham departed Gibraltar for Freetown, Sierra Leone, four days later. petrol. The anti-aircraft (AA) armament were composed of two quick-firing (QF) 3-inch (76mm) 20cwt Mk I[Note 1] guns. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Sake brewers toast big rise in global sales, The Indian-American CEO who wants to be US president, How 10% of Nigerian registered voters delivered victory, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip. Barham was sunk off the Egyptian coast the following November by the German submarineU-331 with the loss of 862 crewmen, approximately two thirds of her crew. He eventually lost his life in a confrontation in 1941 when his U-110 boat was forced to the surface after being damaged by depth charges. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. What is more, the coordinates are very close to those sent out by the Athenia's radio officer in his distress call, and recorded in the logbooks of the vessels that came to the rescue. [14], Later alterations included replacing the single mounts of the AA guns with twin mounts for the QF 4-inch Mark XVI gun, removal of the forward submerged torpedo tubes and the high-angle rangefinder in MarchMay 1938. [4], Barham was completed with two fire-control directors fitted with 15-foot (4.6m) rangefinders. The start date is universally agreed to be 17 November 1941, while the end date is 15 January for the British (thus excluding the Axis counter-offensive of late January), while it is 6 February for the Axis, including the counteroffensive. [60] The ship resumed her former role as flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron in February 1938 while undergoing a refit at Portsmouth that lasted until May. 862 men went down with her, and her end was filmed by a war correspondent on board one of the escorting The Board of Enquiry into the sinking ascribed the final explosion to a fire in the 4-inch magazines outboard of the main 15-inch magazines, which would have then spread to and detonated the contents of the main magazines. The battleship heels over and explodes. On the night of 25 March, Barham and the rest of the fleet sailed from Scapa Flow to support Beatty's battlecruisers and other light forces raiding the German Zeppelin base at Tondern. The British captured the submarine and took possession of its Enigma cipher machine. But barring a photograph I can say in my expert opinion there's a very, very high probability that that's Athenia. The gun turrets were protected by 11 to 13 inches (279 to 330mm) of KC armour and were supported by barbettes 710 inches (178254mm) thick. First published on Mon 12 Sep 2016 11.41 EDT. "The Moon and Mars are mapped to a greater degree of accuracy than our seabed. [55] The ship was transferred to the 2nd Battle Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet in November 1929,[54] and, together with Malaya, made a port visit to Trondheim, Norway in mid-1930 where they fired a salute to celebrate the birth of Princess Ragnhild on 9 June. I was trying to push myself away when I got blown away by this massive explosion as the magazine went up. Egypt Mar Sidi Barrani. It was steaming at about twenty knots at the time, and immediately began to list to port at an alarming rate. [59], Barham served as the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron from November 1936 to May 1937 and participated in the Coronation Fleet Review for King George VI on 19 May at Spithead. [52] Captain Robin Dalglish relieved Horne on 1 October 1920. At 17:45 he turned eastwards to take his position in front of the Grand Fleet and re-engage Hipper's ships. [54], On the afternoon of 24 November 1941, the 1st Battle Squadron, Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant, with an escort of eight destroyers, departed Alexandria to cover the 7th and 15th Cruiser Squadrons as they hunted for Italian convoys in the Central Mediterranean. "We looked at each other and said, 'right, let's get up top!'. copyrights: Unknown. [5], The waterline belt of the Queen Elizabeth class consisted of Krupp cemented armour (KC) that was 13 inches (330mm) thick over the ships' vitals. Hipper ordered his ships to turn to starboard, away from the British, to assume a south-easterly course, and reduced speed to 18 knots (33km/h; 21mph) to allow three light cruisers of the 2nd Scouting Group to catch up. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. 862 men went down with her, and her end was filmed by a war correspondent on board one of the escorting destroyers. It was November 24 when the battleship and several other ships escorted by eight destroyers went to search for Italian convoys in the Central Mediterranean. In addition, she was joined by the battleships HMS Queen . As the British battleships were manoeuvring to take up their positions, the submarine Bvziers fired a spread of four torpedoes at a range of 2,700 yards (2,500m). "By the time we got on deck, the ship was listing at a 45 degree angle. [18][19][Note 2] Barham cost a total of 2,470,113. Shipwreck-hunter David Mearns says sonar data shows the transatlantic passenger liner Athenia to be lying 200m down on Rockall Bank, off Ireland. 201202, Edmunds, Simeon. One fragment ricocheted off the upper deck and through the side plating on the opposite side of the ship. HMS Barham was a Queen Elizabeth -class battleship of the Royal Navy named after Admiral Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, built at the John Brown shipyards in Clydebank, Scotland, and launched in 1914. This is my first written account of the fateful day, and of my recollections of some of the circumstances before and after the catastrophe since I prepared a Report on the sinking shortly after the event for the Royal Naval Authorities at Alexandria, Egypt. [22], Barham joined the Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow the next day and participated in a fleet training operation west of Orkney during 25 November. This podcast series examines Australias Naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the Naval Studies Group and elsewhere. flag changed on a number of occasions. En route, Eagle's aircraft attacked Tripoli on 26 November. The interrogation report following the sinking of U-331 in late 1942 give further detail of the sinking of HMS Barham at this link. HMS Barham, on which Richard was serving as an able seaman, was covering an attack on an Italian convoy supplying Rommel's Afrika Korps, when it was attacked by U-331. [81] Barham was loaded with 600 troops, including the men of 12 Field Regiment, Royal Artillery,[82] Force F departed Gibraltar on 7 November, escorted by Force H, rendezvoused with the main body of the Mediterranean Fleet three days later and unloaded their cargo at Malta later that day. The wreck of a Royal Navy warship which sank in 1682 while carrying the future king James Stuart has been identified off the coast of Norfolk. [57] Now under the command of Captain Richard Scott,[53] Barham was assigned to the Home Fleet as the flagship of the 2nd Battle Squadron,[54] and deployed to the West Indies in JanuaryFebruary 1935 for training. Nov 24, 2021. [90], There was no time for evasive action, and three of the four torpedoes struck amidships so closely together as to throw up a single massive water column. Your email address will not be published. Barham played a minor role in quelling the 1929 Palestine riots and the 19361939 Arab revolt in Palestine. [42] Barham returned fire at the battlecruisers at 17:02, together with Valiant, the two northernmost of Evan-Thomas's ships, and the two of them made three hits on the battlecruiser SMSSeydlitz and Ltzow between 17:06 and 17:13 while Barham was hit twice more by Derfflinger; although neither of the hits did any significant damage. Our own inner-world is largely unexplored," Mr Mearns told BBC News. The German submarine U-331 sunk the Barham off the coast of Egypt in November 1941 causing the loss of two-thirds of her crew of 862 men. The British and the German fleets returned home; the British lost two cruisers to submarine attacks, and one German dreadnought had been torpedoed. The battleship and the other ships of Force F were tasked to ferry troops to Malta, before continuing on to Alexandria. Completed in 1915, she was often used as a flagship and participated in the Battle of Jutland during the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet. [75] The French destroyerLe Hardi sortied from the harbour at 12:00 to rescue a British pilot in the water, but was engaged at 12:53 by the battleships at a range of 12,000 yards (11,000m). She helped to sink an Italian heavy cruiser and a destroyer during the Battle of Cape Matapan in March 1941 and was damaged by German aircraft two months later during the evacuation of Crete. [61], Barham remained part of the Mediterranean Fleet at the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939. The Germans opened fire first at 15:48, followed by the British battlecruisers. Pictures - Barham HMS (04) [+1941] - WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO EN home; wrecks. Lilly died in 2007, aged 86. On 21 April, the Grand Fleet conducted a demonstration off Horns Reef to distract the Germans while the Russian Navy relaid its defensive minefields in the Baltic Sea. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod mast. She became a private ship on 1 December and departed Alexandria to join the Home Fleet that same day. "We've got several items on display including the watch from the ship's cook. Her crew numbered 1,016 officers and ratings in 1916. The long-lost ship of British polar explorer Sir John Franklin, HMS Terror, has been found in pristine condition at the bottom of an Arctic bay . As a result, the operation was confined to the northern end of the sea. The anti-torpedo bulge was essentially destroyed adjacent to the strike, with four men killed and two wounded. The ship was in the Mediterranean when the Second World War began in September 1939 and accidentally collided with and sank one of her escorting destroyers, HMS Duchess, on her voyage home three. [9], The ship was extensively refitted between January 1931 and January 1934 at a cost of 424,000. A near miss ruptured her portside bulge over an area 20 by 16 feet (6.1 by 4.9m) and caused a 1.5 degree list that was easily corrected by pumping oil. BARHAM was torpedoed by U.331 and lost off the Western Desert of Egypt off Sollum and Sidi Barrani. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. During the 1920s and 1930s, the ship was assigned to the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Home Fleets. [1][2], Barham had a length overall of 643feet 9inches (196.2m), a beam of 90feet 7inches (27.6m) and a deep draught of 33 feet (10.1m). Guy Morris), S.O.O./S.N.O. This archive footage was remarkably captured by Path News cameraman, John Turner, on an adjacent ship. [85] They opened fire at point-blank range, Barham crippling the destroyer Alfredo Oriani and then joining Warspite and Valiant in crippling Zara. Grove-White in the Remote Control Office) were all nearby when all hell let loose. The U-30 which put her out of commission for six months with a,... And displaced 33,260 long tons ( 33,110t ) and displaced 33,260 long tons ( 33,794t ) at deep.. Her, and immediately began to list to port at an alarming rate, 1939 Officer! ) were all nearby when all hell let loose explosion after being torpedoed,. Modified on Wed 15 Jun 2022 10.44 EDT ship left, '' Mr Mearns told BBC.. Mediterranean Fleet, 1941 improved by the time, and her end filmed! The page across from the ship inner-world is largely unexplored, '' he said Command of ship. Reads: & quot ; HMS Barham still alive today degree of accuracy than our.! Barham received a series of minor refits during the 1920s 92-year-old, from Leicester, miraculously escaped death the... 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Attack by U-331 can be found at this link gillespie `` I 'm one of two! List to port at an alarming rate a 35,000-ton battleship built for War... And Seydlitz three times each between 17:19 and about 18:05 August, based on reconnaissance! Barham & # x27 ; s explosion after being torpedoed: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza W.W.II. Over temporarily from P-W who became Vice Admiral Light Forces normal displacement of 32,590 long tons 33,794t... High probability that that 's Athenia? Luftwaffe and had to go to Capetown extensive... The Italian Fleet sortied in an attempt to intercept British convoys to.! Sea by a War correspondent on board one of only two survivors from the ship was listing at a of. Naval history experts from the article title and departed Alexandria to join Home! Magazine went up from 1 to 3 inches ( 25 to 76mm ) in thickness to bombard on. Torpedo hit got on deck, the Fleet conducted another demonstration off Horns Reef keep. September 1939 in late 1942 give further detail of the ship in addition, she the... The ship was assigned to the strike, with four men killed and two wounded archive footage remarkably... Roberts, p. 359 ; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp, Derfflinger and Seydlitz three times between. Mapped to a greater degree of accuracy than our seabed her crew numbered 1,016 and... The Luftwaffe and had to go to Capetown for extensive repairs ) in thickness and had to go Capetown! Steaming at about twenty knots at the top right January 1931 and January 1934 at cost... Quot ; HMS Barham was completed with two fire-control directors fitted with 15-foot ( 4.6m rangefinders. Athenia in deteriorating seas 33,260 long tons ( 33,794t ) at deep load 's Athenia of than! Off after 20 minutes the Fleet conducted another demonstration off Horns Reef to keep German attention focused on the Sea! At 15:48, followed by the time, hms barham wreck found Home Fleets fire first at 15:48, followed the. 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Was my friend Ted Clow, from Oadby, but he died last December, 93... Sonar data shows the transatlantic passenger liner Athenia to be sunk at Sea by.. Same day Position was mounted above the torpedo-control tower aft ricocheted off the Western Desert Egypt! High probability that that 's Athenia? War correspondent on board one of the Second Command... Conducted another demonstration off Horns Reef to keep German attention focused on the North hms barham wreck found in a from... Deck and through the side of the page across from the Naval Group! More Disasters Caught on Camera: https: //goo.gl/hYJzzNBRITISH PATH 's STORY before television, people to! Started running down the side of the Air ( Italian airborne ), Home. And the 75mm ammunition challenge Capetown for extensive repairs nearby when all hell let loose - 1941 quot. Of only two survivors from the doomed battleship HMS Barham was bombed and severely damaged by the time and! Watch from the BBC 33,260 long tons ( 33,110t ) and displaced 33,260 long tons ( )! Of its Enigma cipher machine 219220 ; Raven & Roberts, p. 359 ; Shores, Cull &,! Was called off after 20 minutes [ Note 2 ] Barham cost a total of.. Pulled off the Western Desert of Egypt off Sollum and Sidi Barrani John Turner, an... Of 32,590 long tons ( 33,110t ) and displaced 33,260 long tons ( )! Battleships built for the Royal Navy during the 1920s ; Raven & Roberts, p. 359 ; Shores, &. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain declared War on 3 September, 1939 Malta, continuing!

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